How Far Can the National Debt Go Before China and Other Countries Decide to Stop Lending Us Money?

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The Inhabitant Debt is currently at 12.5 trillion dollars, and rising by the following. Now, it doesn’t look like that money will be paid off anytime soon. It is the result of years of massive services and social spending, predominantly. Under Reagan, the Inhabitant Debt rose substantially due to the ridiculous services buildup that the government oversaw, along with massive overall government expansion, and during his presidency, the US went from being the largest creditor nation on earth to the largest debtor nation. So my question is how do we take care of this problem?

How Have Countries Converted Public Debt in the Past?

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Charles P Kindelberger mentions in Manias, Panics and Crashes that large-scale conversions of public debt occurred in 1822, 1824, and 1888. He also says interest rate declines were associated with the public debt conversion. Which countries have converted public debt and what did the creditors get in return? Is it right to assume the debtor’s currency is devalued and the government nationalizes private property to do so?